ABSTRACT
AIM:To systemically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of domestic deproteinized calf blood extract eye gel for corneal epithelial repair after laser refractive surgery.METHODS:We performed a comprehensive search via Pubmed,Embase,Cochrane Library,VIP Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database,CNKI and Wan Fang Chinese periodical Database for the randomized controlled trials(RCTs) at home and abroad about effects of the domestic deproteinized calf blood extract eye gel for corneal epithelial repair after laser corneal refractive surgery with retrieval time from January 2007 to December 2016.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,2 medical researchers independently screened documents,extracted data and evaluated the quality.Review Manager 5.3 software was used for Meta analysis.RESULTS:Seven RCTs involving 1042 eyes,including 523 eyes in the treatment group and 519 eyes in the control group,were selected for this Meta-analysis.The results showed that the clinical efficacy in the treatment group was better than that in the control group (OR=1.81,95％CI:1.39 ～2.35;P＜0.001).And the corneal injury symptom score in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group (WMD=-0.33,95％CI:-0.45 to-0.21;P＜0.001).And the corneal healing time in the treatment group was shorter than that in the control group (WMD=-1.26,95％CI:-1.56 to-0.97;P＜0.001).CONCLUSION:The domestic deproteinized calf blood extract eye gel can relieve the patients' symptoms after laser refractive surgery,improve the corneal epithelial recovery and the efficiency of treatment.Due to the limited quality and quantity of the studies these conclusions should be further validated by more welldesigned randomized double blind controlled trials.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the value of quantitative measurement of carotid intima-media thickness and elasticity for evaluating the degree of coronary heart disease by radio frequency ultrasonography. Methods From February 2011 to June 2012, a total of 142 subjects in cardiovascular internal medicine of the fourth military medical university Tangdu hospital with suspected CAD were enrolled in this study and were divided into non CAD group (n=35), atherosclerosis group in which coronary stenosis rate was less than 50%and no hemodynamic changes were detected (n=33), single artery involved group in which coronary stenosis rate was more than 50% (n=36) and multi-artery involved group in which coronary stenosis rate was more than 50%(n=38) based on the results of the coronary angiography (CAG). Measure the left common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and blood vessel elasticity index including the left common carotid artery pulse wave velocity (PWV) and stiffness index (β). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to calculate and compare the degrees of coronary heart disease, area under the curve of the left carotid artery elasticity parameters, cut-off value,sensitivity, speciifcity and Youden's index. Results LIMT, LPWV and Lβhad statistical signiifcance differences among four groups (F=3.621, 4.769 and 4.756, all P<0.05). The maximum values of parameter area under ROC curve were all observed in multi-artery involved groups and were 0.759 (LIMT), 0.770 (LPWV) and 0.764 (Lβ). The maximum value of Youden's index of the left common carotid artery intima-media thickness was observed in the coronary atherosclerosis group and was 0.513. The maximum value of Youden's index of the left common carotid artery pulse wave velocity and stiffnessβwere both observed in the multi-artery involved group and were 0.524 and 0.469. For diagnosing multivessel lesions, the sensitivities of LIMT, LPWV and Lβwere 71.0%, 77.4%and 71.0%, and the speciifcities were 73.4%, 74.7%and 75.9%. Conclusions The carotid elastic parameters have better predictive value for multivessel lesions. LPWV and Lβhave higher predictive value for coronary arterial disease than LIMT.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate carotid intima-media thickness(IMT) and elasticity in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH) using ultrasound radio-frequency data(RF-data) technology.Methods Twenty-seven PIH women(mean brachial blood pressure:108 mm Hg,1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)were included and thirty age- and gestational week-matched normal pregnant women served as controls.Carotid IMT and stiffness were evaluated using quality IMT(QIMT) and quantitative artery stiffness(QAS)techniques with color Doppler.Results Carotid IMT and elasticity parameters,including pulse wave velocity,pressure at T1,arterial augmented pressure(AP) and arterial augmented pressure index(AIx) were significantly higher in PIH group than in the normal group[IMT:(466.84±118.50)μm vs (386.58±125.79)μm;PWV:(7.09±1.97)m/s vs (5.95±1.11) m/s;PT1:(127.50±14.29) mm Hg vs (105.89±11.02)mm Hg;AP:(5.14±3.39) mm Hg vs (1.98±2.19)mm Hg;AIx:(7.58±8.73)% vs (-4.79±7.92)%)], and there were significant differences(t=2.660,2.660,3.460,3.460,3.460,all P＜0.01).Conclusions PIH women have significantly increased carotid IMT and decreased elasticity compared with normal pregnant women.Radio-frequency technique could reliably reflect the changes of the carotid arterial structure and elasticity in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The present study was to evaluate the audiological characteristics of infants with normal auditory brainstem response thresholds in click and abnormal transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions. Relationships between test results of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and other hearing testing methods were also evaluated.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The participants consisted of eighty-nine infants, with a total of 123 ears. All participants' TEOAE screening results were abnormal but diagnostic click ABR results were normal. The participants were classified into the following groups based on the test results from distortion product otoacoustic emissions: group A (normal all-frequency), group B (abnormal low-frequency), group C (abnormal high-frequency), and group D (abnormal all-frequency).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Obtained from these groups were compared to results of other hearing tests including the latency of ABR wave I, 40 Hz auditory event related potential (40 Hz AERP), 226 Hz and 1000 Hz tympanometry, and acoustic reflex. Results In six hearing tests in the 123 ears, seven ears (5.7%) were normal, while 116 ears (94.3%) were abnormal. No significantly differences were detected between boys (93.9%) and girls (95.1%), as well as between left (93.1%) and right ears (95.4%). The proportion of abnormal test results ranked as follows: 59 ears in group D (48.0%), 34 ears in group B (27.6%), 20 ears in group A (16.3%), and 10 ears in group C (8.2%). The highest abnormal rates in groups A, B and D were acoustic reflex, which were 40.0% for group A, 55.9% for group B and 66.1% for group D respectively. The highest abnormal rate in group C was the latency of ABR wave I (50.0%). Distribution of low-frequency hearing loss in each group was mainly mild. However, one ear in group B was moderate hearing loss, six ears in group D were moderate hearing loss, and one ear in group D was severe hearing loss.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The present study showed that, of which infants with normal thresholds of ABR failed the hearing screening, comprehensively audiology assessment is needed. And of which infants with normal DPOAE in full frequency or abnormal in high frequency region or low frequency region need to be followed up.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Auditory Threshold , Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem , Hearing Tests , Methods , Neonatal Screening , Methods , Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous , Reflex, AcousticABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the sensitive factors which were used in routine audiological tests to find out otitis media with effusion (OME) in newborn infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subjects of this study were 48 infants, including 31 males and 17 females, who failed in the universal newborn hearing screening. The age ranged from 1.5 to 12 months with the average age of 4.3 months. All subjects accepted temporal bone CT and routine audiological assessments, including air-conduction and bone-conduction auditory brainstem response (ABR), 40 Hz-auditory event related potential (40 Hz-AERP), distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), acoustic reflex, tympanometries using 226 Hz and 1000 Hz probe tone. Nine factors were statistically analyzed using Kappa test, Univariate chi(2) test and multivariate condition Logistic stepwise regression analysis, which included the results of acoustic immittance, the air-conduction and bone-conduction ABR thresholds, the difference between air-conduction and bone-conduction ABR thresholds, the latency of ABR wave I, duration between ABR wave I and V, 40 Hz-AERP thresholds, amplitudes and thresholds of DPOAE, and acoustic reflex thresholds (ART).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventy-seven ears were diagnosed with OME, and 19 ears were normal. CT scan of temporal bone was set as a comparative standard. Kappa test indicated that the results of tympanometry with 1000 Hz probe tone (Kappa = 0.745, P < 0.001), the air-conduction ABR threshold (Kappa = 0.453, P < 0.001), the latency of ABR wave I (Kappa = 0.430, P < 0.001), the threshold of 40 Hz-AERP (Kappa = 0.582, P < 0.001), and DPOAE (Kappa = 0.495, P < 0.001) had agreement with the results of temporal bone CT on evaluating the function of middle ear. Univariate analysis indicated that sensitive factors of middle ear function in newborn infants were tympanometry with 1000 Hz probe tone (P < 0.001), ART (P < 0.001), the air-conduction ABR threshold (P < 0.001), the difference between air-conduction and bone-conduction ABR thresholds (P < 0.001), the latency of ABR wave I (P < 0.001), the threshold of 40 Hz-AERP (P < 0.001) and DPOAE (P < 0.001). And multivariate conditional Logistic stepwise regression model showed that tympanometry with 1000 Hz probe tone (P < 0.001) and 40 Hz-AERP threshold (P = 0.004) can be substituted into Logistic stepwise regression equation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Tympanometry with 1000 Hz probe tone and are sensitive factors to find out OME in newborn infants. The air conduction ABR threshold, ABR wave I latency, 40 Hz-AERP threshold and DPOAE could reflect the middle ear function of newborn infants effectively.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Acoustic Impedance Tests , Methods , Ear, Middle , Evoked Potentials, Auditory , Otitis Media with Effusion , Diagnostic Imaging , Sensitivity and Specificity , Temporal Bone , Diagnostic Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the association between serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and the extent of brain damage and the outcome after acute traumatic brain injury (TBI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The release patterns of serum NSE in 78 patients after acute TBI were analyzed by using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of NSE were compared with Glasgow coma scale, the category of brain injury and the outcome after 6 months of injury.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were different NSE values in patients with minor (12.96 microg/L+/-2.39 microg/L), moderate (23.44 microg/L+/-5.33 microg/L) and severe brain injury (42.68 microg/L+/-4.57 microg/L). After severe TBI, the concentration of NSE in patients with epidural hematomas was 13.38 microg/L+/-4.01 microg/L, 24.03 microg/L+/-2.85 microg/L in brain contusion without surgical intervention group, 55.20 microg/L+/-6.35 microg/L in brain contusion with surgical intervention group, and 83.85 microg/L+/-15.82 microg/L in diffuse brain swelling group. There were close correlations between NSE values and Glasgow coma scale (r=-0.608, P<0.01) and the extent of brain injury (r=0.75, P<0.01). Patients with poor outcome had significantly higher initial and peak NSE values than those with good outcome (66.40 microg/L+/-9.46 microg/L, 94.24 microg/L+/-13.75 microg/L vs 32.16 microg/L+/-4.21 microg/L, 34.08 microg/L+/-4.40 microg/L, P<0.01, respectively). Initial NSE values were negatively related to the outcome (r=-0.501, P<0.01). Most patients with poor outcomes had persisting or secondary elevated NSE values.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Serum NSE is one of the valuable neurobiochemical markers for assessment of the severity of brain injury and outcome prediction.</p>